[Jacko The Flopsy Piglet]

That's part of the problem, the ref has no way to prove a player's intent to play the ball with his hand or arm other than the positioning of said limbs. If he misses the push that leads to the flailing arms but sees the ball hit the arm then he has to give the handball. I remember seeing Holt give away a pen at Brighton that got us relegated when he was pushed in the back as he jumped to head a cross away. To me the push was obvious from above and behind the goal but the ref apparently only saw the second part of the incident. I was gutted at the time but afterwards I realised the ref had to give the pen.